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483 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
483 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
>大家好,这里是「 从零开始学 Web 系列教程 」,并在下列地址同步更新......
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>
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> - github:https://github.com/Daotin/Web
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> - 微信公众号:[Web前端之巅](https://github.com/Daotin/pic/raw/master/wx.jpg)
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> - 博客园:http://www.cnblogs.com/lvonve/
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> - CSDN:https://blog.csdn.net/lvonve/
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>
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> 在这里我会从 Web 前端零基础开始,一步步学习 Web 相关的知识点,期间也会分享一些好玩的项目。现在就让我们一起进入 Web 前端学习的冒险之旅吧!
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![](https://github.com/Daotin/pic/raw/master/fgx.png)
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# 一、接口文档的使用
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需求:使用接口文档验证用户名、邮箱、手机的唯一性
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## 1、接口文档
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当前端界面需要从服务器获取数据的时候,其实就是眼访问一个 URL 地址,指定特定的参数即可。这个 URL 对应的是 php 或者 jsp 等都是服务器开发人员已经开发好了。服务器开发人员开发好相关的接口之后,会提供一份接口文档给前端开发人员,在接口中会详细说明你要获取什么数据,访问什么地址,传入什么参数等等内容,下面就是一个简单接口文档的内容:
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**验证用户名唯一性的接口**
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| 地址 | /server/checkUsername.php |
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| ------- | --------------------------------- |
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| 作用描述 | 验证用户名是否可用 |
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| 请求类型 | get 请求 |
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| 参数 | uname |
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| 返回的数据格式 | 普通字符串 |
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| 返回数据说明 | 返回 ok:代表用户名可用; 返回 error:代表用户名不可用。 |
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**验证邮箱唯一性的接口**
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| 地址 | /server/checkEmail.php |
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| ------- | -------------------------- |
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| 作用描述 | 验证邮箱是否可用 |
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| 请求类型 | post 请求 |
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| 参数 | e |
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| 返回的数据格式 | 数字 |
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| 返回数据说明 | 返回 0:代表邮箱可用; 返回 1:代表邮箱不可用。 |
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**验证手机号唯一性的接口**
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| 地址 | /server/checkPhone.php |
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| ------- | ---------------------- |
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| 作用描述 | 验证手机号是否可用 |
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| 请求类型 | post 请求 |
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| 参数 | phonenumber |
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| 返回的数据格式 | json格式 |
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| 返回数据说明 | 如下: |
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```
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手机号可用情况下返回如下:
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{
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"status":0,
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"message":{
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"tips":"手机号可用",
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"phonefrom":"中国电信"
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}
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}
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手机号不可用情况下返回如下:
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{
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"status":1,
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"message":"手机号已被注册"
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}
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```
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## 2、示例代码
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="dv">
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<h1>用户注册</h1>
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用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><span id="user-span"></span><br>
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邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"><span id="email-span"></span><br>
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手机:<input type="text" name="phone"><span id="phone-span"></span><br>
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</div>
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<script>
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// 获取所有元素
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var userObj = document.getElementsByName("username")[0];
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var emailObj = document.getElementsByName("email")[0];
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var phoneObj = document.getElementsByName("phone")[0];
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var userSpanObj = document.getElementById("user-span");
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var emailSpanObj = document.getElementById("email-span");
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var phoneSpanObj = document.getElementById("phone-span");
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//用户名文本框失去焦点事件
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userObj.onblur = function () {
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// 获取文本内容
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var userText = this.value;
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var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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xhr.open("get", "./server/checkUsername.php?uname="+userText, true);
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xhr.send(null);
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xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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if(this.responseText == "ok") {
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userSpanObj.innerHTML = "用户名可用";
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} else if(this.responseText == "error") {
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userSpanObj.innerHTML = "用户名不可用";
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}
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}
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}
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};
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};
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//邮箱文本框失去焦点事件
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emailObj.onblur = function () {
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// 获取文本内容
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var emailText = this.value;
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var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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xhr.open("post", "./server/checkEmail.php", true);
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xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
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xhr.send("e="+emailText);
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xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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console.log(this.responseText);
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if(this.responseText == 0) {
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emailSpanObj.innerHTML = "邮箱可用";
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} else if(this.responseText == 1) {
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emailSpanObj.innerHTML = "邮箱不可用";
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}
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}
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}
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};
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};
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//手机号文本框失去焦点事件
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phoneObj.onblur = function () {
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// 获取文本内容
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var phoneText = this.value;
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var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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xhr.open("post", "./server/checkPhone.php", true);
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xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
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xhr.send("phonenumber="+phoneText);
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xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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var val = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
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// console.log(val.status);
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if(val.status == 0) {
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phoneSpanObj.innerHTML = val.message.tips + " " + val.message.phonefrom;
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} else if(val.status == 1) {
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phoneSpanObj.innerHTML = val.message;
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}
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}
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}
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};
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};
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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> 书写以上代码的过程中,完全不需要查看对应的 php 文件,只需要查看接口文档就可以搞定。
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## 3、代码封装
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上面验证用户名,邮箱和手机号的时候,都是使用的 Ajax 的四部操作,有很多代码冗余,所以将 Ajax 的四步操作封装在一个函数中很有必要的。
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="dv">
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<h1>用户注册</h1>
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用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><span id="user-span"></span><br>
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邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"><span id="email-span"></span><br>
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手机:<input type="text" name="phone"><span id="phone-span"></span><br>
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</div>
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<script>
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// Ajax 四步操作的封装函数
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function myAjax(type, url, param, async, dataType, callback) {
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var xhr = null;
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// 兼容性处理
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if(window.XMLHttpRequest) {
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xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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} else {
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xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
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}
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if((type == "get") || (type == "GET")) {
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if(param && param != "") {
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url += "?" + param;
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}
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xhr.open(type, url, async);
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xhr.send(null);
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} else if((type == "post") || (type == "POST")) {
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xhr.open(type, url, async);
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xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
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xhr.send(param);
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}
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if(async) {
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xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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if(dataType == "xml") {
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callback(this.responseXML);
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} else if(dataType == "json") {
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callback(JSON.parse(this.responseText));
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} else {
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callback(this.responseText);
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}
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}
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}
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};
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} else {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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if(dataType == "xml") {
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callback(this.responseXML);
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} else if(dataType == "json") {
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callback(JSON.parse(this.responseText));
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} else {
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callback(this.responseText);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// 获取所有元素
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var userObj = document.getElementsByName("username")[0];
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var emailObj = document.getElementsByName("email")[0];
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var phoneObj = document.getElementsByName("phone")[0];
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var userSpanObj = document.getElementById("user-span");
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var emailSpanObj = document.getElementById("email-span");
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var phoneSpanObj = document.getElementById("phone-span");
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//用户名文本框失去焦点事件
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userObj.onblur = function () {
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// 获取文本内容
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var userText = this.value;
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myAjax("get", "./server/checkUsername.php", "uname="+userText, "true", "text", function (result) {
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if(result == "ok") {
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userSpanObj.innerHTML = "用户名可用";
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} else if(result == "error") {
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userSpanObj.innerHTML = "用户名不可用";
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}
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});
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};
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//邮箱文本框失去焦点事件
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emailObj.onblur = function () {
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// 获取文本内容
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var emailText = this.value;
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myAjax("post", "./server/checkEmail.php", "e="+emailText, "true", "text", function (result) {
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if(result == 0) {
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emailSpanObj.innerHTML = "邮箱可用";
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} else if(result == 1) {
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emailSpanObj.innerHTML = "邮箱不可用";
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}
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});
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};
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//手机号文本框失去焦点事件
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phoneObj.onblur = function () {
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// 获取文本内容
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var phoneText = this.value;
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myAjax("post", "./server/checkPhone.php", "phonenumber="+phoneText, "true", "json", function (result) {
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if(result.status == 0) {
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phoneSpanObj.innerHTML = result.message.tips + " " + result.message.phonefrom;
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} else if(result.status == 1) {
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phoneSpanObj.innerHTML = result.message;
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}
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});
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};
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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**仍然存在的问题**:
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1、参数的顺序不可改变;
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2、参数没有默认值,所有的参数必须传递。
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## 4、代码进一步封装
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将需要传入的参数做成一个对象,这个对象所有的有默认参数,如果没有传入一些参数的话,使用默认参数代替;如果传入了相关参数,则覆盖掉默认参数。
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="dv">
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<h1>用户注册</h1>
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用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><span id="user-span"></span><br>
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邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"><span id="email-span"></span><br>
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手机:<input type="text" name="phone"><span id="phone-span"></span><br>
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</div>
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<script>
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function myAjax2(obj) {
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var defaults = {
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type: "get",
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url: "#",
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dataType: "",
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data: {}, // 参数有可能多个,用对象保存
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async: true,
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success: function (result) {
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console.log(result);
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}
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};
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for(var key in obj) {
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defaults[key] = obj[key];
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}
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var xhr = null;
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if(window.XMLHttpRequest) {
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xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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} else {
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xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
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}
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var param = "";
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for(var attr in defaults.data) {
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param += attr + "=" + defaults.data[attr] + "&" // 比如:uname=zhangsan&pwd=123
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}
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// 最后一个参数后面去掉 &
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if(param) {
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param = param.substring(0, param.length-1);
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}
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if((defaults.type == "get") || (defaults.type == "GET")) {
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defaults.url += "?" + param;
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}
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xhr.open(defaults.type, defaults.url, defaults.async);
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if((defaults.type == "get") || (defaults.type == "GET")) {
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xhr.send(null);
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} else if((defaults.type == "post") || (defaults.type == "POST")) {
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xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
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xhr.send(param);
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}
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if(defaults.async) {
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xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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if(defaults.dataType == "xml") {
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defaults.success(this.responseXML);
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} else if(defaults.dataType == "json") {
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defaults.success(JSON.parse(this.responseText));
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} else {
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defaults.success(this.responseText);
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}
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}
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}
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};
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} else {
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if(this.readyState == 4) {
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if(this.status == 200) {
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if(defaults.dataType == "xml") {
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defaults.success(this.responseXML);
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} else if(defaults.dataType == "json") {
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defaults.success(JSON.parse(this.responseText));
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} else {
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defaults.success(this.responseText);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// 获取所有元素
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var userObj = document.getElementsByName("username")[0];
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var emailObj = document.getElementsByName("email")[0];
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var phoneObj = document.getElementsByName("phone")[0];
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var userSpanObj = document.getElementById("user-span");
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var emailSpanObj = document.getElementById("email-span");
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var phoneSpanObj = document.getElementById("phone-span");
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//用户名文本框失去焦点事件
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userObj.onblur = function () {
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myAjax2({
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url: "./server/checkUsername.php",
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type: "get",
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data: {uname: this.value},
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success: function (result) {
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if(result == "ok") {
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userSpanObj.innerHTML = "用户名可用";
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} else if(result == "error") {
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userSpanObj.innerHTML = "用户名不可用";
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}
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}
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});
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};
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//邮箱文本框失去焦点事件
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emailObj.onblur = function () {
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myAjax2({
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url: "./server/checkEmail.php",
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type: "post",
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data: {e: this.value},
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success: function (result) {
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if(result == 0) {
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emailSpanObj.innerHTML = "邮箱可用";
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} else if(result == 1) {
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emailSpanObj.innerHTML = "邮箱不可用";
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}
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}
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});
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};
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//手机号文本框失去焦点事件
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phoneObj.onblur = function () {
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myAjax2({
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url: "./server/checkPhone.php",
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type: "post",
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dataType: "json",
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data: {phonenumber: this.value},
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success: function (result) {
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if(result.status == 0) {
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phoneSpanObj.innerHTML = result.message.tips + " " + result.message.phonefrom;
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} else if(result.status == 1) {
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phoneSpanObj.innerHTML = result.message;
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}
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}
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});
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};
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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> 进一步封装后的函数为: myAjax2({}); 里面是一个对象。使用默认对象的方式,不仅可以解决传入参数顺序不一致的问题;还可以解决不传参数时默认值的问题。
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![](https://github.com/Daotin/pic/raw/master/fgx.png) |