2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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## 字符串的扩展
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ES6中的字符串扩展,用得少,而且逻辑相对简单。如下:
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- `includes(str)`:判断是否包含指定的字符串
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- `startsWith(str)`:判断是否以指定字符串开头
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- `endsWith(str)`:判断是否以指定字符串结尾
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- `repeat(count)`:重复指定次数
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举例如下:
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```javascript
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let str = 'abcdefg';
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console.log(str.includes('a'));//true
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console.log(str.includes('h'));//false
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//startsWith(str) : 判断是否以指定字符串开头
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console.log(str.startsWith('a'));//true
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console.log(str.startsWith('d'));//false
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//endsWith(str) : 判断是否以指定字符串结尾
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console.log(str.endsWith('g'));//true
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console.log(str.endsWith('d'));//false
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//repeat(count) : 重复指定次数a
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console.log(str.repeat(5));
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```
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打印结果:
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20180402_1050.png
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## 数值的扩展
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- 二进制与八进制数值表示法: 二进制用`0b`, 八进制用`0o`。
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举例:
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```javascript
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console.log(0b1010);//10
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console.log(0o56);//46
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```
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- `Number.isFinite(i)`:判断是否为有限大的数。比如`Infinity`这种无穷大的数,返回的就是false。
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- `Number.isNaN(i)`:判断是否为NaN。
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- `Number.isInteger(i)`:判断是否为整数。
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- `Number.parseInt(str)`:将字符串转换为对应的数值。
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- `Math.trunc(i)`:去除小数部分。
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举例:
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```javascript
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//Number.isFinite(i) : 判断是否是有限大的数
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console.log(Number.isFinite(NaN)); //false
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console.log(Number.isFinite(5)); //true
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console.log(Number.isFinite(Infinity)); //false
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//Number.isNaN(i) : 判断是否是NaN
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console.log(Number.isNaN(NaN));//true
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console.log(Number.isNaN(5));//falsse
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//Number.isInteger(i) : 判断是否是整数
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console.log(Number.isInteger(5.23));//false
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console.log(Number.isInteger(5.0));//true
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console.log(Number.isInteger(5));//true
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//Number.parseInt(str) : 将字符串转换为对应的数值
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console.log(Number.parseInt('123abc'));//123
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console.log(Number.parseInt('a123abc'));//NaN
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// Math.trunc(i) : 直接去除小数部分
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console.log(Math.trunc(13.123));//13
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```
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## 数组的扩展
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### 扩展1
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```javascript
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Array.from(伪数组/可遍历的对象)
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```
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**作用**:将伪数组对象或可遍历对象转换为真数组。
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**举例:**
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```html
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<body>
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<button>按钮1</button>
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<button>按钮2</button>
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<button>按钮3</button>
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<script>
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let btnArray = document.getElementsByTagName('button');
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console.log(btnArray);
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console.log(btnArray[0]);
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</script>
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</body>
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```
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上面的布局中,有三个button标签,我们通过`getElementsByTagName`获取到的`btnArray`实际上是**伪数组**,并不是真实的数组:
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20180402_1116.png
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既然`btnArray`是伪数组,它就不能使用数组的一般方法,否则会报错:
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20180402_1121.png
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解决办法:采用`Array.from`方法将`btnArray`这个伪数组转换为真数组即可:
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```javascript
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Array.from(btnArray);
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```
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然后就可以使用数组的一般方法了:
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20180402_1125.png
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### 扩展2
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```javascript
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Array.of(value1, value2, value3)
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```
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**作用**:将一系列值转换成数组。
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**举例**:
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```javascript
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//Array.of(value1, value2, value3) : 将一系列值转换成数组
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let arr = Array.of(1, 'abc', true);
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console.log(arr);
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```
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### 扩展3
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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**方法1**:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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find(function(item, index, arr){return true})
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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**作用**:找出第一个满足「指定条件返回true」的元素。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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举例:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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let arr = [2, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6];
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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let result = arr.find(function (item, index) {
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return item > 4; //遍历数组arr,一旦发现有第一个元素大于4,就把这个元素返回
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});
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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console.log(result); //打印结果:5
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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**方法2**:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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findIndex(function(item, index, arr){return true})
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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**作用**:找出第一个满足「指定条件返回true」的元素的index。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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举例:
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> 我们直接把上面的代码中的find方法改成findIndex即可。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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```javascript
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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let arr = [2, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6];
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let result = arr.findIndex(function (item, index) {
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return item > 4; //遍历数组arr,一旦发现有第一个元素大于4,就把这个元素的index返回
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});
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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console.log(result); //打印结果:3
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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```
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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## 对象的扩展
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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### 扩展1
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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Object.is(v1, v2)
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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**作用:**判断两个数据是否完全相等。底层是通过**字符串**来判断的。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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我们先来看下面这两行代码的打印结果:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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console.log(0 == -0);
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console.log(NaN == NaN);
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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打印结果:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```
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true
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false
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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上方代码中,第一行代码的打印结果为true,这个很好理解。第二行代码的打印结果为false,因为NaN和任何值都不相等。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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但是,如果换成下面这种方式来比较:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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```javascript
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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console.log(Object.is(0, -0));
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console.log(Object.is(NaN, NaN));
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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打印结果却是:
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```
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false
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true
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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```
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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代码解释:还是刚刚说的那样,`Object.is(v1, v2)`比较的是字符串是否相等。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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### 扩展2(重要)
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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Object.assign(目标对象, 源对象1, 源对象2...)
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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**作用:** 将源对象的属性复制到目标对象上。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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举例:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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let obj1 = { name: 'smyhvae', age: 26 };
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let obj2 = { city: 'shenzhen' };
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let obj3 = {};
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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Object.assign(obj3, obj1, obj2);
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console.log(obj3);
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```
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打印结果:
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20180404_2240.png
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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上图显示,成功将obj1和obj2的属性复制给了obj3。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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### 扩展3:`__proto__`属性
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举例:
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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```javascript
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let obj1 = {name:'smyhvae'};
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let obj2 = {};
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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obj2.__proto__ = obj1;
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console.log(obj1);
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console.log(obj2);
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console.log(obj2.name);
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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```
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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打印结果:
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20180404_2251.png
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上方代码中,obj2本身是没有属性的,但是通过`__proto__`属性和obj1产生关联,于是就可以获得obj1里的属性。
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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2018-04-04 22:58:12 +08:00
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```javascript
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```
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2018-04-02 11:50:51 +08:00
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