diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/patchFlags.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/patchFlags.ts
index f28ffd15..0a26e80e 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/patchFlags.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/patchFlags.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,37 @@
+// Patch flags are optimization hints generated by the compiler.
+// when a block with dynamicChildren is encountered during diff, the algorithm
+// enters "optimized mode". In this mode, we know that the vdom is produced by
+// a render function generated by the compiler, so the algorithm only needs to
+// handle updates explicitly marked by these patch flags.
+
+// Patch flags can be combined using the | bitwise operator and can be checked
+// using the & operator, e.g.
+//
+//   const flag = TEXT | CLASS
+//   if (flag & TEXT) { ... }
+
+// Indicates an element with dynamic textContent (children fast path)
 export const TEXT = 1
+
+// Indicates an element with dynamic class
 export const CLASS = 1 << 1
+
+// Indicates an element with dynamic style
 export const STYLE = 1 << 2
+
+// Indicates an element that has non-class/style dynamic props.
+// Can also be on a component that has any dynamic props (includes class/style).
+// when this flag is present, the vnode also has a dynamicProps array that
+// contains the keys of the props that may change so the runtime can diff
+// them faster (without having to worry about removed props)
 export const PROPS = 1 << 3
+
+// Indicates a fragment or element with keyed or partially-keyed v-for children
 export const KEYED = 1 << 4
+
+// Indicates a fragment or element that contains unkeyed v-for children
 export const UNKEYED = 1 << 5
-export const SLOTS = 1 << 6 // component only
+
+// Indicates a component with dynamic slot (e.g. slot that references a v-for
+// iterated value). Components with this flag are always force updated.
+export const SLOTS = 1 << 6
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/reactivity.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/reactivity.ts
index 493ae81c..fa102b2f 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/reactivity.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/reactivity.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export {
   OperationTypes,
   Value,
   ComputedValue,
-  UnwrapValues
+  UnwrapValue
 } from '@vue/observer'
 
 import {
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/vnode.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/vnode.ts
index 8dca305a..6ac85823 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/vnode.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/vnode.ts
@@ -37,16 +37,30 @@ export interface VNode {
   dynamicChildren: VNode[] | null
 }
 
+// Since v-if and v-for are the two possible ways node structure can dynamically
+// change, once we consider v-if branches and each v-for fragment a block, we
+// can divide a template into nested blocks, and within each block the node
+// structure would be stable. This allows us to skip most children diffing
+// and only worry about the dynamic nodes (indicated by patch flags).
 const blockStack: (VNode[] | null)[] = []
 
-// open block
+// Open a block.
+// This must be called before `createBlock`. It cannot be part of `createBlock`
+// because the children of the block are evaluated before `createBlock` itself
+// is called. The generated code typically looks like this:
+//
+//   function render() {
+//     return (openBlock(),createBlock('div', null, [...]))
+//   }
 export function openBlock(disableTrackng?: boolean) {
   blockStack.push(disableTrackng ? null : [])
 }
 
 let shouldTrack = true
 
-// block
+// Create a block root vnode. Takes the same exact arguments as `createVNode`.
+// A block root keeps track of dynamic nodes within the block in the
+// `dynamicChildren` array.
 export function createBlock(
   type: VNodeTypes,
   props?: { [key: string]: any } | null,
@@ -66,7 +80,6 @@ export function createBlock(
   return vnode
 }
 
-// element
 export function createVNode(
   type: VNodeTypes,
   props: { [key: string]: any } | null = null,
@@ -87,6 +100,7 @@ export function createVNode(
     dynamicProps,
     dynamicChildren: null
   }
+  // presence of a patch flag indicates this node is dynamic
   if (shouldTrack && patchFlag != null) {
     trackDynamicNode(vnode)
   }