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<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Samba 应用</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-安装配置-samba" class="sidebar-link">1. 安装配置 samba</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-1-查看是否已经安装-samba" class="sidebar-link">1.1. 查看是否已经安装 samba</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-2-安装-samba-工具" class="sidebar-link">1.2. 安装 samba 工具</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-3-配置-samba" class="sidebar-link">1.3. 配置 samba</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-4-创建-samba-用户" class="sidebar-link">1.4. 创建 samba 用户</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-5-启动-samba-服务" class="sidebar-link">1.5. 启动 samba 服务</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-6-为-samba-添加防火墙规则" class="sidebar-link">1.6. 为 samba 添加防火墙规则</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-7-测试-samba-服务" class="sidebar-link">1.7. 测试 samba 服务</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_1-8-访问-samba-服务共享的目录" class="sidebar-link">1.8. 访问 samba 服务共享的目录</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_2-配置详解" class="sidebar-link">2. 配置详解</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_2-1-samba-默认配置" class="sidebar-link">2.1. samba 默认配置</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_2-2-全局参数-global" class="sidebar-link">2.2. 全局参数 [global]</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_2-3-共享参数-共享名" class="sidebar-link">2.3. 共享参数 [共享名]</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_3-常见问题" class="sidebar-link">3. 常见问题</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_3-1-你可能没有权限访问网络资源" class="sidebar-link">3.1. 你可能没有权限访问网络资源</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_3-2-window-下对-samba-的清理操作" class="sidebar-link">3.2. window 下对 samba 的清理操作</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/linux-tutorial/linux/ops/samba.html#_4-参考资料" class="sidebar-link">4. 参考资料</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="samba-应用"><a href="#samba-应用" class="header-anchor">#</a> Samba 应用</h1> <blockquote><p>samba 是在 Linux 和 UNIX 系统上实现 SMB 协议的一个免费软件。</p> <p>samba 提供了在不同计算机（即使操作系统不同）上共享服务的能力。</p> <p>关键词：<code>samba</code>, <code>selinux</code></p></blockquote> <h2 id="_1-安装配置-samba"><a href="#_1-安装配置-samba" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. 安装配置 samba</h2> <p>本文将以一个完整的示例来展示如何配置 samba 来实现 Linux 和 Windows 的文件共享。</p> <p>目标：假设希望共享 Linux 服务器上的 /share/fs 目录。</p> <h3 id="_1-1-查看是否已经安装-samba"><a href="#_1-1-查看是否已经安装-samba" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.1. 查看是否已经安装 samba</h3> <ul><li>CentOS：<code>rpm -qa | grep samba</code></li> <li>Ubuntu：<code>dpkg -l | grep samba</code></li></ul> <h3 id="_1-2-安装-samba-工具"><a href="#_1-2-安装-samba-工具" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2. 安装 samba 工具</h3> <ul><li>CentOS：<code>yum install -y samba samba-client samba-common</code></li> <li>Ubuntu：<code>sudo apt-get install -y samba samba-client</code></li></ul> <h3 id="_1-3-配置-samba"><a href="#_1-3-配置-samba" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.3. 配置 samba</h3> <p>samba 服务的配置文件是 <code>/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>，如果没有则 samba 无法启动。</p> <p>执行以下命令，编辑配置文件：</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/samba/smb.conf
</code></pre></div><p>修改配置如下：</p> <div class="language-ini extra-class"><pre class="language-ini"><code><span class="token selector">[global]</span>
<span class="token constant"> workgroup</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> SAMBA</span>
<span class="token constant"> security</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> user</span>
passdb backend <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> tdbsam</span>
<span class="token constant"> printing</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> cups</span>
printcap name <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> cups</span>
load printers <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
cups options <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> raw</span>
<span class="token selector">[homes]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Home Directories</span>
valid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> %S, %D%w%S</span>
<span class="token constant"> browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> No</span>
read only <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> No</span>
inherit acls <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Yes</span>
<span class="token selector">[printers]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> All Printers</span>
<span class="token constant"> path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/tmp</span>
<span class="token constant"> printable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Yes</span>
create mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0600</span>
<span class="token constant"> browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> No</span>
<span class="token selector">[print$]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Printer Drivers</span>
<span class="token constant"> path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/lib/samba/drivers</span>
write list <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> @printadmin root</span>
force group <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> @printadmin</span>
create mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0664</span>
directory mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0775</span>
<span class="token selector">[fs]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> share folder</span>
<span class="token constant"> path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /share/fs</span>
<span class="token constant"> browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
<span class="token constant"> writable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
read only <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
guest ok <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
create mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0777</span>
directory mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0777</span>
<span class="token constant"> public</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
valid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> root</span>
</code></pre></div><blockquote><p>说明：</p> <ul><li>我在这里添加了一个 <strong>[fs]</strong> 标签，这就是共享区域的配置。</li> <li>这里设置 <code>path</code> 属性为 <code>/share/fs</code>，意味着准备共享 <code>/share/fs</code> 目录，需要根据实际需要设置路径。<code>/share/fs</code> 目录的权限要设置为 <strong>777</strong>：<code>chmod 777 /share/fs</code>。</li> <li><code>browseable</code>、<code>writable</code> 等属性就比较容易理解了，即配置共享目录的访问权限。</li> <li><code>valid users</code> 属性指定允许访问的用户，需要注意的是指定的用户必须是 Linux 机器上实际存在的用户。</li></ul></blockquote> <h3 id="_1-4-创建-samba-用户"><a href="#_1-4-创建-samba-用户" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.4. 创建 samba 用户</h3> <p>创建的 samba 用户必须是 Linux 机器上实际存在的用户。</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> smbpasswd -a root
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user root.
</code></pre></div><p>根据提示输入 samba 用户的密码。当 samba 服务成功安装、启动后，通过 Windows 系统访问机器共享目录时，就要输入这里配置的用户名、密码。</p> <ul><li>查看 samba 服务器中已拥有哪些用户 - <code>pdbedit -L</code></li> <li>删除 samba 服务中的某个用户 - <code>smbpasswd -x 用户名</code></li></ul> <h3 id="_1-5-启动-samba-服务"><a href="#_1-5-启动-samba-服务" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.5. 启动 samba 服务</h3> <p>CentOS 6</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">service</span> samba restart <span class="token comment"># 重启 samba</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">service</span> smb restart <span class="token comment"># 重启 samba</span>
</code></pre></div><p>CentOS 7</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl start smb.service <span class="token comment"># 启动 samba</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl restart smb.service <span class="token comment"># 重启 samba</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> smb.service <span class="token comment"># 设置开机自动启动</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl status smb.service <span class="token comment"># 查询 samba 状态</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Ubuntu 16.04.3</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>$ sudo service smbd restart
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-6-为-samba-添加防火墙规则"><a href="#_1-6-为-samba-添加防火墙规则" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.6. 为 samba 添加防火墙规则</h3> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=samba
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-7-测试-samba-服务"><a href="#_1-7-测试-samba-服务" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.7. 测试 samba 服务</h3> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>$ smbclient //localhost/fs -U root
</code></pre></div><p>输入 samba 用户的密码，如果成功，就会进入 <code>smb: \&gt;</code>。</p> <h3 id="_1-8-访问-samba-服务共享的目录"><a href="#_1-8-访问-samba-服务共享的目录" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.8. 访问 samba 服务共享的目录</h3> <p>Windows：</p> <p>访问：<code>\\&lt;你的ip&gt;\&lt;你的共享路径&gt;</code> ：</p> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dunwu/images/dev/snap/20180920180928161334.png" alt="img"></p> <p>Mac：</p> <p>与 Windows 类似，直接在 Finder 中访问 <code>smb://&lt;你的ip&gt;/&lt;你的共享路径&gt;</code> 即可。</p> <h2 id="_2-配置详解"><a href="#_2-配置详解" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. 配置详解</h2> <h3 id="_2-1-samba-默认配置"><a href="#_2-1-samba-默认配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.1. samba 默认配置</h3> <p>你可以从 <a href="https://git.samba.org/samba.git/?p=samba.git;a=blob_plain;f=examples/smb.conf.default;hb=HEAD" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">这里<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 获取到默认配置文件：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>$ cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
$ wget &quot;https://git.samba.org/samba.git/?p=samba.git;a=blob_plain;f=examples/smb.conf.default;hb=HEAD&quot; -O /etc/samba/smb.conf
</code></pre></div><p>smb.conf 默认内容如下：</p> <div class="language-ini extra-class"><pre class="language-ini"><code><span class="token selector">[global]</span>
<span class="token constant"> workgroup</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> SAMBA</span>
<span class="token constant"> security</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> user</span>
passdb backend <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> tdbsam</span>
<span class="token constant"> printing</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> cups</span>
printcap name <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> cups</span>
load printers <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
cups options <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> raw</span>
<span class="token selector">[homes]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Home Directories</span>
valid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> %S, %D%w%S</span>
<span class="token constant"> browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> No</span>
read only <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> No</span>
inherit acls <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Yes</span>
<span class="token selector">[printers]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> All Printers</span>
<span class="token constant"> path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/tmp</span>
<span class="token constant"> printable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Yes</span>
create mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0600</span>
<span class="token constant"> browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> No</span>
<span class="token selector">[print$]</span>
<span class="token constant"> comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Printer Drivers</span>
<span class="token constant"> path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/lib/samba/drivers</span>
write list <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> root</span>
create mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0664</span>
directory mask <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0775</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-2-全局参数-global"><a href="#_2-2-全局参数-global" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.2. 全局参数 [global]</h3> <div class="language-ini extra-class"><pre class="language-ini"><code><span class="token selector">[global]</span>
config file <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m</span>
说明：config file可以让你使用另一个配置文件来覆盖缺省的配置文件。如果文件 不存在，则该项无效。这个参数很有用，可以使得samba配置更灵活，可以让一台samba服务器模拟多台不同配置的服务器。比如，你想让PC1（主机名）这台电脑在访问Samba Server时使用它自己的配置文件，那么先在/etc/samba/host/下为PC1配置一个名为smb.conf.pc1的文件，然后在smb.conf中加入：config file<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>/etc/samba/host/smb.conf.%m。这样当PC1请求连接Samba Server时，smb.conf.%m就被替换成smb.conf.pc1。这样，对于PC1来说，它所使用的Samba服务就是由smb.conf.pc1定义的，而其他机器访问Samba Server则还是应用smb.conf。</span>
<span class="token constant">workgroup</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> WORKGROUP</span>
说明：设定 Samba Server 所要加入的工作组或者域。
server string <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Samba Server Version %v</span>
说明：设定 Samba Server 的注释，可以是任何字符串，也可以不填。宏%v表示显示Samba的版本号。
netbios name <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> smbserver</span>
说明：设置Samba Server的NetBIOS名称。如果不填，则默认会使用该服务器的DNS名称的第一部分。netbios name和workgroup名字不要设置成一样了。
<span class="token constant">interfaces</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24</span>
说明：设置Samba Server监听哪些网卡，可以写网卡名，也可以写该网卡的IP地址。
hosts allow <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 127.192.168.1 192.168.10.1</span>
说明：表示允许连接到Samba Server的客户端，多个参数以空格隔开。可以用一个IP表示，也可以用一个网段表示。hosts deny 与hosts allow 刚好相反。
例如：
<span class="token comment"># 表示容许来自172.17.2.*.*的主机连接，但排除172.17.2.50</span>
hosts allow<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>172.17.2.EXCEPT172.17.2.50</span>
<span class="token comment"># 表示容许来自172.17.2.0/255.255.0.0子网中的所有主机连接</span>
hosts allow<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>172.17.2.0/255.255.0.0</span>
<span class="token comment"># 表示容许来自M1和M2两台计算机连接</span>
hosts allow<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>M1，M2</span>
<span class="token comment"># 表示容许来自SC域的所有计算机连接</span>
hosts allow<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>@SC</span>
max connections <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0</span>
说明：max connections用来指定连接Samba Server的最大连接数目。如果超出连接数目，则新的连接请求将被拒绝。0表示不限制。
<span class="token constant">deadtime</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 0</span>
说明：deadtime用来设置断掉一个没有打开任何文件的连接的时间。单位是分钟，0代表Samba Server不自动切断任何连接。
time server <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：time server用来设置让nmdb成为windows客户端的时间服务器。
log file <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/log/samba/log.%m</span>
说明：设置Samba Server日志文件的存储位置以及日志文件名称。在文件名后加个宏%m（主机名），表示对每台访问Samba Server的机器都单独记录一个日志文件。如果pc1、pc2访问过Samba Server，就会在/var/log/samba目录下留下log.pc1和log.pc2两个日志文件。
max log size <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 50</span>
说明：设置Samba Server日志文件的最大容量，单位为kB，0代表不限制。
<span class="token constant">security</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> user</span>
说明：设置用户访问Samba Server的验证方式，一共有四种验证方式。
1. share：用户访问Samba Server不需要提供用户名和口令, 安全性能较低。
2. user：Samba Server共享目录只能被授权的用户访问,由Samba Server负责检查账号和密码的正确性。账号和密码要在本Samba Server中建立。
3. server：依靠其他Windows NT/2000或Samba Server来验证用户的账号和密码,是一种代理验证。此种安全模式下,系统管理员可以把所有的Windows用户和口令集中到一个NT系统上,使用Windows NT进行Samba认证, 远程服务器可以自动认证全部用户和口令,如果认证失败,Samba将使用用户级安全模式作为替代的方式。
4. domain：域安全级别,使用主域控制器(PDC)来完成认证。
passdb backend <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> tdbsam</span>
说明：passdb backend就是用户后台的意思。目前有三种后台：smbpasswd、tdbsam和ldapsam。sam应该是security account manager（安全账户管理）的简写。
smbpasswd：该方式是使用smb自己的工具smbpasswd来给系统用户（真实
用户或者虚拟用户）设置一个Samba密码，客户端就用这个密码来访问Samba的资源。
1. smbpasswd文件默认在/etc/samba目录下，不过有时候要手工建立该文件。
2. tdbsam：该方式则是使用一个数据库文件来建立用户数据库。数据库文件叫passdb.tdb，默认在/etc/samba目录下。passdb.tdb用户数据库可以使用smbpasswd –a来建立Samba用户，不过要建立的Samba用户必须先是系统用户。我们也可以使用pdbedit命令来建立Samba账户。pdbedit命令的参数很多，我们列出几个主要的。
pdbedit –a username：新建Samba账户。
pdbedit –x username：删除Samba账户。
pdbedit –L：列出Samba用户列表，读取passdb.tdb数据库文件。
pdbedit –Lv：列出Samba用户列表的详细信息。
pdbedit –c “[D]” –u username：暂停该Samba用户的账号。
pdbedit –c “[]” –u username：恢复该Samba用户的账号。
3. ldapsam：该方式则是基于LDAP的账户管理方式来验证用户。首先要建立LDAP服务，然后设置“passdb backend <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> ldapsam:ldap://LDAP Server”</span>
encrypt passwords <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：是否将认证密码加密。因为现在windows操作系统都是使用加密密码，所以一般要开启此项。不过配置文件默认已开启。
smb passwd file <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /etc/samba/smbpasswd</span>
说明：用来定义samba用户的密码文件。smbpasswd文件如果没有那就要手工新建。
username map <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /etc/samba/smbusers</span>
<span class="token constant">说明：用来定义用户名映射，比如可以将root换成administrator、admin等。不过要事先在smbusers文件中定义好。比如：root</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> administrator admin，这样就可以用administrator或admin这两个用户来代替root登陆Samba Server，更贴近windows用户的习惯。</span>
guest account <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> nobody</span>
说明：用来设置guest用户名。
socket options <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192</span>
说明：用来设置服务器和客户端之间会话的Socket选项，可以优化传输速度。
domain master <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置Samba服务器是否要成为网域主浏览器，网域主浏览器可以管理跨子网域的浏览服务。
local master <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：local master用来指定Samba Server是否试图成为本地网域主浏览器。如果设为no，则永远不会成为本地网域主浏览器。但是即使设置为yes，也不等于该Samba Server就能成为主浏览器，还需要参加选举。
preferred master <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置Samba Server一开机就强迫进行主浏览器选举，可以提高Samba Server成为本地网域主浏览器的机会。如果该参数指定为yes时，最好把domain master也指定为yes。使用该参数时要注意：如果在本Samba Server所在的子网有其他的机器（不论是windows NT还是其他Samba Server）也指定为首要主浏览器时，那么这些机器将会因为争夺主浏览器而在网络上大发广播，影响网络性能。如果同一个区域内有多台Samba Server，将上面三个参数设定在一台即可。
os level <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 200</span>
说明：设置samba服务器的os level。该参数决定Samba Server是否有机会成为本地网域的主浏览器。os level从0到255，winNT的os level是32，win95/98的os level是1。Windows 2000的os level是64。如果设置为0，则意味着Samba Server将失去浏览选择。如果想让Samba Server成为PDC，那么将它的os level值设大些。
domain logons <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置Samba Server是否要做为本地域控制器。主域控制器和备份域控制器都需要开启此项。
logon . <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> %u.bat</span>
说明：当使用者用windows客户端登陆，那么Samba将提供一个登陆档。如果设置成%u.bat，那么就要为每个用户提供一个登陆档。如果人比较多，那就比较麻烦。可以设置成一个具体的文件名，比如start.bat，那么用户登陆后都会去执行start.bat，而不用为每个用户设定一个登陆档了。这个文件要放置在[netlogon]的path设置的目录路径下。
wins support <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置samba服务器是否提供wins服务。
wins server <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> wins服务器IP地址</span>
说明：设置Samba Server是否使用别的wins服务器提供wins服务。
wins proxy <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置Samba Server是否开启wins代理服务。
dns proxy <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置Samba Server是否开启dns代理服务。
load printers <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：设置是否在启动Samba时就共享打印机。
printcap name <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> cups</span>
说明：设置共享打印机的配置文件。
<span class="token constant">printing</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> cups</span>
说明：设置Samba共享打印机的类型。现在支持的打印系统有：bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-3-共享参数-共享名"><a href="#_2-3-共享参数-共享名" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.3. 共享参数 [共享名]</h3> <div class="language-ini extra-class"><pre class="language-ini"><code><span class="token selector">[共享名]</span>
<span class="token constant">comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 任意字符串</span>
说明：comment是对该共享的描述，可以是任意字符串。
<span class="token constant">path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 共享目录路径</span>
<span class="token constant">说明：path用来指定共享目录的路径。可以用%u、%m这样的宏来代替路径里的unix用户和客户机的Netbios名，用宏表示主要用于[homes]共享域。例如：如果我们不打算用home段做为客户的共享，而是在/home/share/下为每个Linux用户以他的用户名建个目录，作为他的共享目录，这样path就可以写成：path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /home/share/%u; 。用户在连接到这共享时具体的路径会被他的用户名代替，要注意这个用户名路径一定要存在，否则，客户机在访问时会找不到网络路径。同样，如果我们不是以用户来划分目录，而是以客户机来划分目录，为网络上每台可以访问samba的机器都各自建个以它的netbios名的路径，作为不同机器的共享资源，就可以这样写：path = /home/share/%m 。</span>
<span class="token constant">browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：browseable用来指定该共享是否可以浏览。
<span class="token constant">writable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：writable用来指定该共享路径是否可写。
<span class="token constant">available</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：available用来指定该共享资源是否可用。
admin users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 该共享的管理者</span>
说明：admin users用来指定该共享的管理员（对该共享具有完全控制权限）。在samba 3.0中，如果用户验证方式设置成“security<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>share”时，此项无效。</span>
例如：admin users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>bobyuan，jane（多个用户中间用逗号隔开）。</span>
valid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 允许访问该共享的用户</span>
说明：valid users用来指定允许访问该共享资源的用户。
例如：valid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> bobyuan，@bob，@tech（多个用户或者组中间用逗号隔开，如果要加入一个组就用“@+组名”表示。）</span>
invalid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 禁止访问该共享的用户</span>
说明：invalid users用来指定不允许访问该共享资源的用户。
例如：invalid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> root，@bob（多个用户或者组中间用逗号隔开。）</span>
write list <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 允许写入该共享的用户</span>
说明：write list用来指定可以在该共享下写入文件的用户。
例如：write list <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> bobyuan，@bob</span>
<span class="token constant">public</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：public用来指定该共享是否允许guest账户访问。
guest ok <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes/no</span>
说明：意义同“public”。
几个特殊共享：
<span class="token selector">[homes]</span>
<span class="token constant">comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Home Directories</span>
<span class="token constant">browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
<span class="token constant">writable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
valid users <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> %S</span>
<span class="token comment">; valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S</span>
<span class="token selector">[printers]</span>
<span class="token constant">comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> All Printers</span>
<span class="token constant">path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/spool/samba</span>
<span class="token constant">browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
guest ok <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
<span class="token constant">writable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
<span class="token constant">printable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
<span class="token selector">[netlogon]</span>
<span class="token constant">comment</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Network Logon Service</span>
<span class="token constant">path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/lib/samba/netlogon</span>
guest ok <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
<span class="token constant">writable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
share modes <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
<span class="token selector">[Profiles]</span>
<span class="token constant">path</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> /var/lib/samba/profiles</span>
<span class="token constant">browseable</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
guest ok <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> yes</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="_3-常见问题"><a href="#_3-常见问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3. 常见问题</h2> <h3 id="_3-1-你可能没有权限访问网络资源"><a href="#_3-1-你可能没有权限访问网络资源" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.1. 你可能没有权限访问网络资源</h3> <p>问题现象：</p> <ul><li>出现 <strong>NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED</strong> 错误</li> <li>Windows 下成功登陆 samba 后，点击共享目录仍然提示——你可能没有权限访问网络资源。</li></ul> <p>解决步骤：</p> <ol><li>检查是否配置了防火墙规则</li></ol> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 一种方法是强行关闭防火墙</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">service</span> iptables stop
<span class="token comment"># 另一种方法是配置防火墙规则</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> firewall-cmd --permanent --zone<span class="token operator">=</span>public --add-service<span class="token operator">=</span>samba
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> firewall-cmd --reload
</code></pre></div><ol start="2"><li>关闭 selinux</li></ol> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 将 /etc/selinux/config 文件中的 SELINUX 设为 disabled</span>
$ <span class="token function">sed</span> -i <span class="token string">'s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/'</span> /etc/selinux/config
<span class="token comment"># 重启生效</span>
$ <span class="token function">reboot</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-2-window-下对-samba-的清理操作"><a href="#_3-2-window-下对-samba-的清理操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.2. window 下对 samba 的清理操作</h3> <ol><li>windows 清除访问 samba 局域网密码缓存
<ul><li>在 dos 窗口中输入 <code>control userpasswords2</code> 或者 <code>control keymgr.dll</code>，然后【高级】/【密码管理】，删掉保存的该机器密码。</li></ul></li> <li>windows 清除连接的 linux 的 samba 服务缓存
<ol><li>打开 win 的命令行。</li> <li>输入 net use，就会打印出当前缓存的连接上列表。</li> <li>根据列表，一个个删除连接： net use 远程连接名称 /del；或者一次性全部删除：<code>net use * /del</code>。</li></ol></li></ol> <h2 id="_4-参考资料"><a href="#_4-参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4. 参考资料</h2> <ul><li>http://blog.51cto.com/yuanbin/115761</li> <li>https://www.jianshu.com/p/750be209a6f0</li> <li>https://github.com/judasn/Linux-Tutorial/blob/master/markdown-file/Samba.md</li> <li>https://blog.csdn.net/lan120576664/article/details/50396511</li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/dunwu/linux-tutorial/edit/master/docs/linux/ops/samba.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">帮助我们改善此页面！</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">19 minutes ago</span></div></footer> <!----> </main></div><div class="global-ui"><!----><!----></div></div>
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