2021-07-29 11:08:52 +08:00
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---
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title: 11-HTML5详解(三)
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publish: true
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---
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<ArticleTopAd></ArticleTopAd>
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2018-02-24 23:10:23 +08:00
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## Web 存储
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随着互联网的快速发展,基于网页的应用越来越普遍,同时也变的越来越复杂,为了满足各种各样的需求,会经常性在本地存储大量的数据,传统方式我们以document.cookie来进行存储的,但是由于其存储大小只有4k左右,并且解析也相当的复杂,给开发带来诸多不便,HTML5规范则提出解决方案。
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### H5 中有两种存储的方式
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1、**`window.sessionStorage` 会话存储:**
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- 保存在内存中。
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- **生命周期**为关闭浏览器窗口。也就是说,当窗口关闭时数据销毁。
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- 在同一个窗口下数据可以共享。
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2、**`window.localStorage` 本地存储**:
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- 有可能保存在浏览器内存里,有可能在硬盘里。
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- 永久生效,除非手动删除(比如清理垃圾的时候)。
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- 可以多窗口共享。
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### Web 存储的特性
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(1)设置、读取方便。
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(2)容量较大,sessionStorage 约5M、localStorage 约20M。
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(3)只能存储字符串,可以将对象 JSON.stringify() 编码后存储。
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### 常见 API
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设置存储内容:
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```javascript
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setItem(key, value);
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```
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PS:可以新增一个 item,也可以更新一个 item。
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读取存储内容:
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```javascript
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getItem(key);
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```
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根据键,删除存储内容:
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```javascript
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removeItem(key);
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```
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清空所有存储内容:
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```javascript
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clear();
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```
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根据索引值来获取存储内容:
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```javascript
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key(n);
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```
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sessionStorage 的 API 举例:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<input type="text"/>
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<button>sesssionStorage存储</button>
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<button>sesssionStorage获取</button>
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<button>sesssionStorage更新</button>
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<button>sesssionStorage删除</button>
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<button>sesssionStorage清除</button>
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<script>
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//在h5中提供两种web存储方式
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// sessionStorage session(会话,会议) 5M 当窗口关闭是数据销毁 内存
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// localStorage 20M 永久生效 ,除非手动删除 清理垃圾 硬盘上
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var txt = document.querySelector('input');
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var btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
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// sessionStorage存储数据
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btns[0].onclick = function () {
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window.sessionStorage.setItem('userName', txt.value);
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window.sessionStorage.setItem('pwd', '123456');
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window.sessionStorage.setItem('age', 18);
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}
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// sessionStorage获取数据
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btns[1].onclick = function () {
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txt.value = window.sessionStorage.getItem('userName');
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}
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// sessionStorage更新数据
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btns[2].onclick = function () {
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window.sessionStorage.setItem('userName', txt.value);
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}
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// sessionStorage删除数据
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btns[3].onclick = function () {
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window.sessionStorage.removeItem('userName');
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}
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// sessionStorage清空数据
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btns[4].onclick = function () {
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window.sessionStorage.clear();
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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效果如下:
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2018-10-02 22:10:26 +08:00
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![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180224_2200.gif)
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2018-02-24 23:10:23 +08:00
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如上图所示,我们可以在 Storage 选项卡中查看 Session Storage 和Local Storage。
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**localStorage 的 API 举例:**
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<input type="text"/>
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<button>localStorage存储</button>
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<button>localStorage获取</button>
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<button>localStorage更新</button>
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<button>localStorage删除</button>
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<button>localStorage清除</button>
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<script>
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/*
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* localStorage
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* 数据存在硬盘上
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* 永久生效
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* 20M
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* */
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var txt = document.querySelector('input');
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var btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
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// localStorage存储数据
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btns[0].onclick = function () {
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window.localStorage.setItem('userName', txt.value);
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}
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// localStorage存储数据
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btns[1].onclick = function () {
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txt.value = window.localStorage.getItem('userName');
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}
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// localStorage删除数据
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btns[3].onclick = function () {
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window.localStorage.removeItem('userName');
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### 案例:记住用户名和密码
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代码:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<label for="">
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用户名:<input type="text" class="userName"/>
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</label>
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<br/><br/>
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<label for="">
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密 码:<input type="text" class="pwd"/>
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</label>
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<br/><br/>
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<label for="">
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<input type="checkbox" class="check" id=""/>记住密码
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</label>
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<br/><br/>
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<button>登录</button>
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<script>
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var userName = document.querySelector('.userName');
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var pwd = document.querySelector('.pwd');
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var chk = document.querySelector('.check');
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var btn = document.querySelector('button');
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// 当点击登录的时候 如果勾选“记住密码”,就存储密码;否则就清除密码
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btn.onclick = function () {
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if (chk.checked) {
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// 记住数据
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window.localStorage.setItem('userName', userName.value);
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window.localStorage.setItem('pwd', pwd.value);
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} else {
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// 清除数据
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window.localStorage.removeItem('userName');
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window.localStorage.removeItem('pwd');
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}
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}
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// 下次登录时,如果记录的有数据,就直接填充
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window.onload = function () {
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userName.value = window.localStorage.getItem('userName');
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pwd.value = window.localStorage.getItem('pwd');
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## 网络状态
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我们可以通过 `window.onLine` 来检测用户当前的网络状况,返回一个布尔值。另外:
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- window.online:用户网络连接时被调用。
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- window.offline:用户网络断开时被调用(拔掉网线或者禁用以太网)。
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网络状态监听的代码举例:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<script>
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window.addEventListener('online', function () {
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alert('网络连接建立!');
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});
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window.addEventListener('offline', function () {
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alert('网络连接断开!');
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})
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## 应用缓存
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HTML5中我们可以轻松的构建一个离线(无网络状态)应用,只需要创建一个 `cache manifest` 缓存清单文件。
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### 优势
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1、可配置需要缓存的资源;
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2、网络无连接应用仍可用;
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3、本地读取缓存资源,提升访问速度,增强用户体验;
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4、减少请求,缓解服务器负担。
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### `cache manifest` 缓存清单文件
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缓存清单文件中列出了浏览器应缓存,以供离线访问的资源。推荐使用 `.appcache`作为后缀名,另外还要添加MIME类型。
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**缓存清单文件里的内容怎样写:**
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(1)顶行写CACHE MANIFEST。
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(2)CACHE: 换行 指定我们需要缓存的静态资源,如.css、image、js等。
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(3)NETWORK: 换行 指定需要在线访问的资源,可使用通配符(也就是:不需要缓存的、必须在网络下面才能访问的资源)。
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(4)FALLBACK: 换行 当被缓存的文件找不到时的备用资源(当访问不到某个资源时,自动由另外一个资源替换)。
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格式举例1:
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2018-10-02 22:10:26 +08:00
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![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180224_2240.png)
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2018-02-24 23:10:23 +08:00
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格式举例2:
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```bash
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CACHE MANIFEST
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#要缓存的文件
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CACHE:
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images/img1.jpg
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images/img2.jpg
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#指定必须联网才能访问的文件
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NETWORK:
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images/img3.jpg
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images/img4.jpg
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#当前页面无法访问是回退的页面
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FALLBACK:
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404.html
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```
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**缓存清单文件怎么用:**
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(1)例如我们创建一个名为 `demo.appcache`的文件。例如:
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demo.appcache:
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```bash
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CACHE MANIFEST
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# 注释以#开头
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#下面是要缓存的文件
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CACHE:
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http://img.smyhvae.com/2016040101.jpg
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|
|
```
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(2)在需要应用缓存在页面的根元素(html)里,添加属性manifest="demo.appcache"。路径要保证正确。例如:
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|
```html
|
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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|
<html manifest="01.appcache">
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|
|
<head lang="en">
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|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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|
<title></title>
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|
</head>
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<body>
|
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|
|
<img src="http://img.smyhvae.com/2016040101.jpg" alt=""/>
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</body>
|
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|
|
</html>
|
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|
|
```
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