2021-07-29 11:08:52 +08:00
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---
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title: 35-通过style对象获取和设置行内样式
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publish: true
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---
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<ArticleTopAd></ArticleTopAd>
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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## style属性的获取和修改
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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在DOM当中,如果想设置样式,有两种形式:
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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- className(针对内嵌样式)
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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- style(针对行内样式)
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2019-09-03 22:20:19 +08:00
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这篇文章,我们就来讲一下style。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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需要注意的是:style是一个对象,只能获取**行内样式**,不能获取内嵌的样式和外链的样式。例如:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>Title</title>
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<style>
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div {
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border: 6px solid red;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="box1" style="width: 200px;height: 100px;background-color: pink;"></div>
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<script>
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var box1 = document.getElementsByTagName("div")[0];
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console.log(box1.style.backgroundColor);
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console.log(box1.style.border); //没有打印结果,因为这个属性不是行内样式
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console.log(typeof box1.style); //因为是对象,所以打印结果是Object
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console.log(box1.style); //打印结果是对象
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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打印结果:
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2018-05-22 12:35:36 +08:00
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![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180129_1407.png)
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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上图显示,因为border属性不是行内样式,所以无法通过style对象获取。
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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### 通过 js 读取元素的样式
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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语法:(方式一)
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```javascript
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元素.style.样式名
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```
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备注:我们通过style属性读取的样式都是**行内样式**。
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语法:(方式二)
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```javascript
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元素.style["属性"]; //格式
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box.style["width"]; //举例
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```
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方式二最大的优点是:可以给属性传递参数。
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2019-11-11 23:43:47 +08:00
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### 通过 js 设置元素的样式
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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语法:
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```javascript
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元素.style.样式名 = 样式值;
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```
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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举例:
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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```
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box1.style.width = "300px";
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box1.style.backgroundColor = "red"; // 驼峰命名法
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```
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备注:我们通过style属性设置的样式都是**行内样式**,而行内样式有较高的优先级。但是如果在样式中的其他地方写了`!important`,则此时`!important`会有更高的优先级。
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### style属性的注意事项
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style属性需要注意以下几点:
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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(1)样式少的时候使用。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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(2)style是对象。我们在上方已经打印出来,typeof的结果是Object。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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(3)值是字符串,没有设置值是“”。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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(4)命名规则,驼峰命名。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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(5)只能获取行内样式,和内嵌和外链无关。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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(6)box.style.cssText = “字符串形式的样式”。
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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`cssText`这个属性,其实就是把行内样式里面的值当做字符串来对待。在上方代码的基础之上,举例:
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```html
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<script>
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var box1 = document.getElementsByTagName("div")[0];
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//通过cssText一次性设置行内样式
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box1.style.cssText = "width: 300px;height: 300px;background-color: green;";
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console.log(box1.style.cssText); //这一行更加可以理解,style是对象
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</script>
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```
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打印结果:
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2018-05-22 12:35:36 +08:00
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![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180129_1410.png)
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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### style的常用属性
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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style的常用属性包括:
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- backgroundColor
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- backgroundImage
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- color
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- width
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- height
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- border
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- opacity 设置透明度 (IE8以前是filter: alpha(opacity=xx))
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注意DOM对象style的属性和标签中style内的值不一样,因为在JS中,`-`不能作为标识符。比如:
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- DOM中:backgroundColor
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- CSS中:background-color
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## style属性的举例
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我们针对上面列举的几个style的样式,来举几个例子:
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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- 举例1、改变div的大小和透明度
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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- 举例2、当前输入的文本框高亮显示
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
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- 举例3、高级隔行变色、高亮显示
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2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
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下面来逐一实现。
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### 举例1:改变div的大小和透明度
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代码举例:
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```html
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<body>
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<div style="width: 100px;height: 100px;background-color: pink;"></div>
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<script>
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var div = document.getElementsByTagName("div")[0];
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div.onmouseover = function () {
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div.style.width = "200px";
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div.style.height = "200px";
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div.style.backgroundColor = "black";
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div.style.opacity = "0.2"; //设置背景色的透明度。单位是0.1
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div.style.filter = "alpha(opacity=20)"; //上一行代码的兼容性写法。注意单位是百进制
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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```
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### 举例2:当前输入的文本框高亮显示
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代码实现:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title></title>
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<style>
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input {
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display: block;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<ul>
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<input type="text"/>
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<input type="text"/>
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<input type="text"/>
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<input type="text"/>
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<input type="text"/>
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</ul>
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<script>
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//需求:让所有的input标签获取焦点后高亮显示
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//1.获取事件源
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var inpArr = document.getElementsByTagName("input");
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//2.绑定事件
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//3.书写事件驱动程序
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for (var i = 0; i < inpArr.length; i++) {
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//获取焦点后,所有的input标签被绑定onfocus事件
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inpArr[i].onfocus = function () {
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this.style.border = "2px solid red";
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this.style.backgroundColor = "#ccc";
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}
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//绑定onblur事件,取消样式
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inpArr[i].onblur = function () {
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this.style.border = "";
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this.style.backgroundColor = "";
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}
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### 举例3:高级隔行变色、高亮显示
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="en">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title></title>
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<style>
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* {
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padding: 0;
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margin: 0;
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text-align: center;
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}
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.wrap {
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width: 500px;
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margin: 100px auto 0;
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}
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table {
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border-collapse: collapse;
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border-spacing: 0;
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border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
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width: 500px;
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}
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th,
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td {
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border: 1px solid #d0d0d0;
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color: #404060;
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padding: 10px;
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}
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th {
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background-color: #09c;
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font: bold 16px "微软雅黑";
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color: #fff;
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}
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td {
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font: 14px "微软雅黑";
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}
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tbody tr {
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background-color: #f0f0f0;
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cursor: pointer;
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}
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.current {
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background-color: red !important;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="wrap">
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>序号</th>
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<th>姓名</th>
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<th>课程</th>
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<th>成绩</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody id="target">
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<tr>
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<td>
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1
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</td>
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<td>生命壹号</td>
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<td>语文</td>
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<td>100</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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2
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</td>
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<td>生命贰号</td>
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<td>日语</td>
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<td>99</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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3
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</td>
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<td>生命叁号</td>
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|
|
|
<td>营销学</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>98</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>生命伍号</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>数学</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>90</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>许嵩</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>英语</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>96</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>vae</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>体育</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td>90</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
//需求:让tr各行变色,鼠标放入tr中,高亮显示。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//1.隔行变色。
|
|
|
|
|
var tbody = document.getElementById("target");
|
|
|
|
|
var trArr = tbody.children;
|
|
|
|
|
//循环判断并各行赋值属性(背景色)
|
|
|
|
|
for (var i = 0; i < trArr.length; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (i % 2 !== 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].style.backgroundColor = "#a3a3a3";
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].style.backgroundColor = "#ccc";
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//鼠标进入高亮显示
|
|
|
|
|
//难点:鼠标移开的时候要回复原始颜色。
|
|
|
|
|
//计数器(进入tr之后,立刻记录颜色,然后移开的时候使用记录好的颜色)
|
|
|
|
|
var myColor = "";
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].onmouseover = function () {
|
|
|
|
|
//赋值颜色之前,先记录颜色
|
|
|
|
|
myColor = this.style.backgroundColor;
|
|
|
|
|
this.style.backgroundColor = "#fff";
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].onmouseout = function () {
|
|
|
|
|
this.style.backgroundColor = myColor;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
实现的效果如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-22 12:35:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180129_1520.gif)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
|
|
|
|
代码解释:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
上方代码中,我们**用到了计数器myColor来记录每一行最原始的颜色**(赋值白色之前)。如果不用计数器,可能很多人以为代码是写的:(错误的代码)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
//需求:让tr各行变色,鼠标放入tr中,高亮显示。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//1.隔行变色。
|
|
|
|
|
var tbody = document.getElementById("target");
|
|
|
|
|
var trArr = tbody.children;
|
|
|
|
|
//循环判断并各行赋值属性(背景色)
|
|
|
|
|
for (var i = 0; i < trArr.length; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (i % 2 !== 0) {
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].style.backgroundColor = "#a3a3a3";
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].style.backgroundColor = "#ccc";
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//鼠标进入高亮显示
|
|
|
|
|
//难点:鼠标移开的时候要回复原始颜色。
|
|
|
|
|
//计数器(进入tr之后,立刻记录颜色,然后移开的时候使用记录好的颜色)
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].onmouseover = function () {
|
|
|
|
|
this.style.backgroundColor = "#fff";
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
trArr[i].onmouseout = function () {
|
|
|
|
|
this.style.backgroundColor = "#a3a3a3";
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这种错误的代码,实现的效果却是:(未达到效果)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-22 12:35:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180129_1525.gif)
|
2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 通过 js 获取元素当前显示的样式
|
2018-02-01 22:58:37 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-11 23:43:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
我们在上面的内容中,通过`元素.style.className`的方式只能获取**行内样式**。但是,有些元素,也写了**内嵌样式或外链样式**。
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
既然样式有这么种,那么,如何获取元素当前显示的样式(包括行内样式、内嵌样式、外链样式)呢?我们接下来看一看。
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 获取元素当前正在显示的样式
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)w3c的做法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
window.getComputedStyle("要获取样式的元素", "伪元素");
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
两个参数都是必须要有的。参数二中,如果没有伪元素就用 null 代替(一般都传null)。
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2)IE和opera的做法:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript
|
|
|
|
|
obj.currentStyle;
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
注意:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 如果当前元素没有设置该样式,则获取它的默认值。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-11 23:43:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- 该方法会返回一个**对象**,对象中封装了当前元素对应的样式,可以通过`对象.样式名`来读取具体的某一个样式。
|
2019-09-03 21:29:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 通过currentStyle和getComputedStyle()读取到的样式都是只读的,不能修改,如果要修改必须通过style属性。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
综合上面两种写法,就有了一种兼容性的写法,同时将其封装。代码举例如下:
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
|
|
|
<html>
|
|
|
|
|
<head lang="en">
|
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
|
|
|
<title></title>
|
|
|
|
|
<style>
|
|
|
|
|
div {
|
|
|
|
|
background-color: pink;
|
|
|
|
|
/*border: 1px solid #000;*/
|
|
|
|
|
padding: 10px;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</style>
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="width: 100px;height: 100px;"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
var div1 = document.getElementsByTagName("div")[0];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(getStyle(div1, "width"));
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(getStyle(div1, "padding"));
|
|
|
|
|
console.log(getStyle(div1, "background-color"));
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-11 23:43:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* 兼容方法,获取元素当前正在显示的样式。
|
|
|
|
|
* 参数:
|
|
|
|
|
* obj 要获取样式的元素
|
|
|
|
|
*. name 要获取的样式名
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
function getStyle(ele, attr) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (window.getComputedStyle) {
|
|
|
|
|
return window.getComputedStyle(ele, null)[attr];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return ele.currentStyle[attr];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
打印结果:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-05-22 12:35:36 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20180204_1425.png)
|
2018-02-04 17:07:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019-11-11 23:43:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 我的公众号
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-05-24 12:43:12 +08:00
|
|
|
|
想学习**更多技能**?不妨关注我的微信公众号:**千古壹号**(id:`qianguyihao`)。
|
2019-11-11 23:43:47 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
扫一扫,你将发现另一个全新的世界,而这将是一场美丽的意外:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![](http://img.smyhvae.com/20190101.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|